This improvement is likely due to the observed increase in VEGFA expression among PD-L1-positive lung adenocarcinomas (Koh et al., 2019), a phenomenon also noted in various other cancers (Shin et al., 2016; Koh et al., 2017; Fujii et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2021; Yu et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.