Notably, complement genes (C1QA, C1QB, C1QC), apoptotic genes (PDL1, PDL2, APOL1, APOL2, FAS), inflammatory caspases (CASP1, CASP5), TLR pathway genes (TLR1, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8), cytokines (IL6, IL10), and granzyme (GZMB) were among the genes upregulated during symptomatic malaria (Fig. 1A). The gene discussed is TLR5; the disease is malaria.