VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: Considering the complexity of the condition, which involves numerous cellular and organ targets, in this RCT, attention was paid in particular to cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TNF-β, and IFN-γ), markers of endothelial dysfunction (i.e., selectin, sICAM, and sVCAM), cardiovascular markers (i.e. PDGF, VEGF, and Flt3L), and “surrogate markers” for adhesion proteins, as fractalkine.