TP53 and neoplasm: For example, defects in apoptosis caused by the loss of the pro-apoptotic TRP53 target gene Bbc3 that encodes PUMA accelerate c-MYC-driven lymphomagenesis (Hemann et al, 2004; Michalak et al, 2009), but TRP53 can also prevent tumour development in the absence of its ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest/cell senescence (Brady et al, 2011; Li et al, 2012; Valente et al, 2013).