Fortunately, VIN significantly reduced TNF-α, IL18, and IL1β levels, demonstrating its protective effect against EB-induced CHK, which is in line with previous studies that reported the antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of VIN in several animal models, including acute kidney injury, lung inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide, otitis media in mice, and inflammatory pain43–45. Here, TNF is linked to otitis media.