IL18 and otitis media: Fortunately, VIN significantly reduced TNF-α, IL18, and IL1β levels, demonstrating its protective effect against EB-induced CHK, which is in line with previous studies that reported the antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of VIN in several animal models, including acute kidney injury, lung inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide, otitis media in mice, and inflammatory pain43–45.