GSK3B and neoplasm: Phosphorylation of Akt activates multiple signaling pathways, such as activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (Antonino et al., 2023), which promotes protein synthesis, cell growth and proliferation; activating GSK-3β in the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway promotes the occurrence of liver cancer (H et al., 2023), thereby promoting the proliferation of liver cancer cells, inhibiting apoptosis, increasing cell migration and invasion capabilities, and promoting tumor angiogenesis.