A study quantified levels of MIA in serum using ELISA in comparison to S100 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and suggested that MIA was the more sensitive biomarker and found that enhanced MIA serum levels where present in 100% of patients with stage III or IV melanoma (Bosserhoff et al., 1997). Here, S100B is linked to melanoma.