In the study of DDH, the proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes was affected as interference with Wnt family member 1 (WNT1), which also affected the expression of GDF5 and WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2), BMP2, and BMP4 (Xu et al., 2022). Here, BMP2 is linked to Hip dysplasia.