DKK1 and Hip dysplasia: Bioinformatic analysis in a recent study conducted on 16 susceptibility genes of DDH showed that ASPN, TGFβ1, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1), Interleukin 6 gene (IL-6), Teneurin transmembrane protein 3 gene (TENM3) and Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) were significantly co-expressed with COL1A1 (Yang et al., 2022).