Apart from dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, mitral regurgitation, and ventricular arrhythmia (OMIM:615916), RAF1 is also associated with autosomal dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy such as LEOPARD Syndrome 2 and Noonan Syndrome 5. This evidence concerns the gene RAF1 and Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines.