PARP1 and breast carcinoma: For example, the dual loss caused by PARP1 and EZH2 due to PRC2 deficiency exerts an oncogenic effect in BRCA wild-type breast cancer, primarily activating the NF-κB signaling pathway by forming a ternary complex with RelA and RelB (121), inducing the differentiation of tumor-promoting M2-type macrophages, disrupting the TME (132).