Expression of Th2 and Th17 transcription factor genes, GATA-3 and RORγT, in addition to their cytokines, IL-4 and IL-17, respectively, showed significant reductions compared to controls [45]. These findings suggest that L. plantarum can modulate the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios in a way that corrects immune imbalance and reduces inflammation in AD. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.