The previously described relationship between BC exposure and biomarkers of inflammation,31,32 and kidney disease progression observed in our study of the NEPTUNE and CureGN cohorts is consistent with a role for systemic inflammation and oxidative stress,33 given that increased urinary levels of MCP-1, IL1-β, and TNF have previously been linked to chronic kidney disease progression in pediatric patients.34 This evidence concerns the gene TNF and kidney disorder.