According to published research findings, common gene loci in CS include the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) gene, type II collagenα 1 chain (COL2A1), and TP53 (Tarpey et al., 2013; Vuong et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene COL2A1 and Cowden syndrome 1.