In summary, among the several polysaccharide components isolated from SNL, SNLP‐1 promotes immune activity through the activation of MyD88‐dependent signaling pathway by TLR4, and the rest of the polysaccharide components also exert anti‐tumor activity mainly through the pathways of enhancing immunity and inducing apoptosis, etc. Due to factors such as the instability and difficulty of isolation of the polysaccharide components, which have hindered the study of this kind of components, more research is needed to confirm the anti‐tumor activity of the polysaccharide components in SNL. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is neoplasm.