CTSD and Cerebral ischemia: Western blot (Fig. 2A) demonstrated that cerebral ischemia created an autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction, as reflected by increased autophagic substrates of LC3-II (Fig. 2G), ubiquitinated (Fig. 2I) proteins and insoluble p62 (Fig. 2E), accompanied by decreased lysosomal CTSD (Fig. 2H).