Interestingly, treatment with MenSCs and MenSCs-EXO resulted in a significant (P = 0.0001and P = 0.004 vs PCOS-GCs) increase of PGC-1α expression (Fig. 10a), ICC analysis further supported gene expression results, demonstrating a marked increase in PGC1α protein levels following treatment of PCOS-GCs with MenSCs and MenSCs-EXO (Fig. 10b). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.