The lifetime risk of symptomatic prostate cancer before the PSA-era has been estimated to approximately 11%–13% which means that if men interpreted the question as lifetime risk of symptomatic prostate cancer, the overestimation was even larger (figure 3).29, 31 We based the anticipated risk of prostate cancer on the observed 24 year cumulative incidence of prostate cancer in the screening group of the G1 trial in order to have a risk estimate from a screening setting. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.