IL1B and infection: While IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced after PRRs are activated by pathogens or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) [59], and it affects the phagocytic and lysosomal activity of macrophages [60] for antibacterial defense [61], IL-8 is a member of the CXC chemokine family whose biological function is to recruit leukocytes to infection sites [62].