While researchers recognize that PD-L1 could be regulated in multiple ways, the identification of key molecules and the underlying mechanisms that drive the expression of PD-L1 and promote immune evasion in tumor-intrinsic and tumor microenvironments continue to elude researchers, impeding the broader application and maximum clinical benefits of cancer immunotherapies (Ghorani et al, 2023). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.