When looking at breast cancer as a whole, expression of stromal and fibroblast components have been associated with worse prognosis including PDGFRA, PDGFRB, CXCL1, CXCL14, CD10, and CD36.[49] CAFs have been associated with mesenchymal stem cells and inducing a wound healing response associated with immunosuppression.[50] In breast cancer, CAF expression has been correlated with decreased CD8 + T cells and increased macrophages. Here, CXCL1 is linked to breast cancer.