SLC44A4 and infection: CTL4 kd mosquitoes trigger significant P. falciparum melanization only at high infection levels (Simoes et al., 2017), whereas CTL4null transgenic mosquitoes, in which the CTL4 gene is disrupted, melanized all P. berghei ookinetes (100% refractoriness) and a substantial number of P. falciparum ookinetes even at low infection intensities that mimic those reported in field caught mosquitoes, reducing infection prevalence (i.e. % of midguts with at least 1 live oocyst) 2-3 folds (Simoes et al., 2022).