NFE2L2 and lung carcinoma: For example, it has been recently shown that, while activation of the antioxidant regulator NRF2 factor (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2, encoded by the NFE2L2 gene) is advantageous in lung cancers with glycolytic metabolism, its activation a subset of lung cancer cells high in OXPHOS decreases fitness by inducing NADH reductive stress and pushing the NADH/NAD+ ratio beyond a tipping point 40,41.