Consistent with the role of HIF-1α as a metabolic switch between OXPHOS and glycolysis, knockout of both EGLN1 and VHL markedly reduced OCR in tRCC cells (Fig. 3h and Extended Data Fig. 5j). Here, HIF1A is linked to renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.