Indeed, we observed that, despite higher levels of HIF1A mRNA in tRCC vs. ccRCC tumors, a HIF1A gene signature was relatively suppressed in tRCC tumors, consistent with active degradation of HIF-1a by the EGLN1-VHL axis in tRCC (Fig. 3c and Extended Data Fig. 5a–b). Here, VHL is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.