GCG and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Compared with the HC group, the early glucagon response (iAUC0-30 glucagon) was higher in the T1D group [62·80 (22·90; 87·10) vs. -78·05 (-119·50; -43·75) pmol/L*min, P < 0·001], while the late glucagon response (iAUC30-180 glucagon) was lower in the T1D group [-319·00 (-485·00; -100·00) vs. -69·00 (-185·50; 53·68) pmol/L*min, P = 0·002] (Figures 1D–F).