While aLL patients who lack μ-OR1 are resistance to L-aspagainase [11], our finding that inhibition of PKA activity by the 14–22 amide (myr) can bypass the upstream μ-OR1-AC-cAMP step implies that PKA may be targeted for therapy in L-asparaginase-refractory aLL. The gene discussed is OPRM1; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.