Additionally, various pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET, and JAK/STAT contribute to tumor cell phenotypic transitions, forming intricate feedback loops crucial for tumor survival, stemness, EMT, metastasis, and clonal potential (Ding et al., 2018; Comoglio et al., 2018; Lozano et al., 2023). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is neoplasm.