Consistently, Vegfb-cKO mice infected with LM showed increased CFUs of LM in the spleen or liver as compared with WT mice, and the populations of effector CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+, GZMB+, or TNF-α+) and effector CD4+ T cells (IFN-γ+ or IL-17A+) were lower in the spleens of Vegfb-cKO mice infected with LM than in those of WT mice with the infection (Supplemental Figure 5, B–D). Here, CD4 is linked to infection.