ACM from non-treated control astrocytes caused significantly lower SG formation (0.21 ± 0.11/cell, P = 0.030) when compared with ALS astrocytes (2.74 ± 0.76/cell), and it remained negligible regardless of pretreatment with scr siRNA or PHLDA3 siRNA (Figs. 6C, D and 7A–E). This evidence concerns the gene PHLDA3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.