Additionally, Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP), a classical carbohydrate-based Gal-3 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in T2DM rats to improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate memory impairment, and inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation (50) and Gal-3’s deletion could attenuate Aβ oligomerization -mediated inflammatory response (56). This evidence concerns the gene INS and memory impairment.