TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: 1. Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways protects podocytes2. Modulating gut microbiota to improve metabolite levels in DN.3. Blocking Klotho/TGF - beta 1/p38MAPK, TLR4/nf-kappa B signaling pathway, inhibiting the expression of renal fibrosis-related proteins.