MDM2 and cancer: More and more studies have demonstrated that MDM2 inhibitors can combine with various agents, including PI3K/AKT, RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways inhibitors and CDK inhibitors, anti-CD20 antibodies, and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 agents to induce apoptosis in various types of cancers/leukemia cells (Kojima et al., 2007; Kojima et al., 2008; Herting et al., 2016; Laroche et al., 2017; Konopleva et al., 2020; Roulleaux Dugage et al., 2021).