Indeed, they represent the largest pulpar cell populations (Gaje and Ceausu, 2020; Alvarez-Vasquez and Castaneda-Alvarado, 2022; Ren et al., 2022); both have very similar molecular signatures in pulp and periodontium, including alveolar bone (Pagella et al., 2021), and they respond to insulin and insulin-growth factors (IGFs) through the same receptor (Wang et al., 2012; Lauritano et al., 2015; Escudero et al., 2017; Oyanagi et al., 2019; Bashir, 2021; He et al., 2022; Huseynova et al., 2022), which also occurs in the course of dental caries (Alkharobi et al., 2018). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is dental caries.