Viral infection experiments in cells overexpressing TRIM5 revealed that the expression levels of RIG-I at 24 hpi (P < 0.01); of mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS) at 6, 12 (P < 0.05), and 24 hpi (P < 0.01); of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) at 12 and 24 hpi (P < 0.01); of IRF7 at 24 hpi (P < 0.01); and of TAK1 at 24 hpi (P < 0.01) were significantly increased (Figure 5A–E). This evidence concerns the gene TRIM5 and viral infectious disease.