The main mutations involve genes encoding for slit diaphragm proteins (NPHS1 coding for nephrin, and NPHS2 coding for podocin), and for mesangial matrix synthesis (among which COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5, mutated in Alport syndrome and in a percentage of cases of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, as well as LAMB2 coding for laminin subunit beta) [6, 7]. This evidence concerns the gene NPHS1 and Alport syndrome.