TLR5 is a nominated therapeutic target by the AMP-AD consortium that is among the most conserved pattern recognition receptors, suggesting that its pathogenic effects on brain volumes may be attributed to chronic activation of its downstream proinflammatory pathways (for example, nuclear factor κ-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), TNF)52. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Alzheimer disease.