Salmonella infection was associated with significantly increased IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells compared to infection with Ascaris and coinfection in the jejunum lamina propria (LP) and also in the ileum LP compared to Ascaris infection, and these IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells were significantly dampened by coinfection with Ascaris (Fig. 2A). Here, CD4 is linked to infection.