Serum inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, interleukins and C-reactive protein (CRP), elevated fibrotic markers like TGF-β and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) and decreased antioxidant markers adiponectin and leptin are suggested to uncover early onset of DCM (85). This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.