In this work, we screened and characterized the anti‐inflammatory active components of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara and investigated their protective mechanism of action against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice based on the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.