VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: SalB inhibits the expression of IGFBP3, triggering the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) pathway to enhance ventricular remodeling, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition linked to hyperglycemia, ultimately protecting cardiac function (Li et al., 2020).