This is particularly interestingly, and further supports the argument that RCE-induced autophagy preceded apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, as Beclin-1-independent autophagy is reported to play a pro-death role over a pro-survival role through induction of apoptosis (Grishchuk et al., 2011; Sun et al., 2015). The gene discussed is BECN1; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.