SERPINA1 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: According to a meta-analysis, published in 2015 and analyzed data of 1,692 cases of IC from 17 studies, biliary atresia (BA) was the most common cause worldwide (26%); other etiologies comprised infection (12%), total parenteral nutrition (6%), metabolic disease (4.3%), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (4.1%), and perinatal hypoxia/ischemia (3.6%) (1).