IFNG and neoplasm: Immunotherapy for tumors encompasses a spectrum of modalities, including molecular targeted therapy utilizing monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, adoptive cellular immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, cytokine therapy involving interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor vaccines (35, 36).