TGFB1 and neoplasm: Moreover, at metastatic sites, TGF-β-stimulated CAFs secrete IL-11, which activates the glycoprotein 130-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (GP130-STAT3) signaling pathway in tumor cells, this activation enhances the metastasis of CRC cells, ultimately promoting the organ colonization of metastatic CRC (Itatani et al., 2019).