HSD17B3 and androgen insensitivity syndrome: HSD17B3 was also found to be highly expressed in adult Sertoli cells in a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), which could be due to a lack of HSD17B3 shift from Sertoli to Leydig cells and could point to a role of androgen signaling in that process (O’Shaughnessy et al., 2012).