For example, the potential risk factors for myocarditis and pneumonia include individual general conditions (autoimmune disease history, age ≥ 65 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, ECOG PS ≥ 2), genetic factors (genetic polymorphisms of CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1), treatment-related factors (high dose of ICIs, combined treatment regimen of ICIs), tumor factors (high expression of PD-L1), and others. Here, CTLA4 is linked to myocarditis.