LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine (adipokine), has been thought to link obesity related-inflammationwith cardiovascular disease and kidney injury.It has also been proposed that leptin may play a veryimportant role in the pathophysiology of NS [67].Dinleyic et al. [67] have demonstrated the associationof low serum levels of leptin with proteinuria, hypoproteinemia,and hyperlipidemia.