Upon admission, patients with AP had significantly higher OPN levels, measuring 156.4 ng/mL (IQR 111.8–196.2 ng/mL), compared to the control group, which had levels of 37.4 ng/mL (IQR 11.7–65.7 ng/mL) (p<0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and alkaline phosphatase measurement.