In addition, a high proportion of melanomas show activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, most commonly with mutations involving the BRAF, NRAS, and NF1 genes [2], ultimately resulting in activation of the ERK protein, which represents a critical downstream effector of the MAPK pathway that drives tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and metastasis [10]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.