Moreover, the combination of our proposed biomarkers SEMA3F, NRP1 and NRP2 of DCIS progression risk with other previously identified [93, 94] and other prognostic parameters such as margin status and DCIS dimensions [95] may help to better stratify these patients into low and high-risk groups and overcome the problem of overtreatment. Here, SEMA3F is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.