STAT3 and neoplasm: Curcumin (direct inhibitor of STAT3 and NF-kB activation)281–283 is studied in the combination with PDT and/or PTT/hyperthemia256,284,285 Curcumin also decreases HSP efficiency in cancer cells286 (including HSP-70)256, effectively suppressing the hypoxic phenotype in tumor tissues and activating the anti-tumor immune system287,288.