These M2 macrophages secrete IL-31 under TSLP stimulation and also periostin (secreted by fibroblasts), which could explain the residual pruritus in AD patients using dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL-4Rα receptor and the IL-4Rα receptor coupled to IL-13 R.72 Here, POSTN is linked to Alzheimer disease.